Comprehensive Ayurvedic Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Bāla Unmāda - Kapha–Vāta type): A Case Series

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication, sensory processing, and repetitive behaviours. In Ayurvedic terms, ASD can be conceptualized as Bāla Unmāda with predominant– Kapha–Vāta doṣa involvement, arising from genetic predisposition, dietary imbalances and impaired digestive function (agni māndya). Objective: This case series aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a comprehensive Ayurvedic treatment protocol targeting the underlying doṣa imbalances, systemic channel obstructions, and metabolic disturbances associated with ASD. Methods: Eight children with ASD underwent an integrative Ayurvedic intervention comprising of internal therapies (Hinguvacādhī Cūrṇam, Kalyānaka Kaṣāya, Pañcagavya Ghṛtam) and external therapies (Kaḍikizhi, Takradhārā, Pradeham, Patrapoṭṭali Sveda, Sannikizhi and Śirodhārā), designed to correct Kapha–Vāta imbalance, enhance digestive and metabolic function, and promote cognitive and sensory rehabilitation. Outcomes were assessed using Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS -psychologist-administered) and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC - parent-reported) scores. Results: Post-intervention, CARS scores showed a modest reduction from 32–51 to 30.5–50, reflecting stabilization of core autistic behaviors. ATEC scores decreased more prominently from 66–90 to 59–86, indicating improvements in communication, social interaction, sensory processing, and cognitive functioning. Clinically, children showed enhanced eye contact, name-call response, social reciprocity, sensory regulation, and expressive language. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a holistic Ayurvedic protocol addressing digestive, metabolic, and neurophysiological imbalances can provide meaningful clinical benefits in children with ASD. Integrative Ayurvedic management may serve as a valuable complementary approach for ASD, calling for further validation through larger, controlled studies