parallel proceedings, which arise when identical or related disputes are submitted to multiple judicial or arbitral forums, thereby threatening the stability of international commercial arbitration. The research examines the Iraqi legal framework and judicial practice, and provides a comparative analysis of key international approaches, including those of Egypt, France, and England. Using an analytical and comparative methodology supported by legislative texts, case law, and contemporary scholarly opinions, the study proposes practical recommendations to reinforce arbitrators’ independence and strengthen judicial–arbitral cooperation.
Abdullah Karim Abbas (Mon,) studied this question.