Biodiversity conservation in Kenyan protected areas faces significant challenges, including habitat destruction, invasive species introductions, and climate change impacts. A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using systematic search strategies in databases such as Web of Science and Google Scholar. Studies published between and were included based on specific keywords related to biodiversity conservation and protected areas. The analysis revealed a consistent trend where human activities accounted for approximately 60% of the observed biodiversity loss in these areas, with invasive species being particularly problematic. Despite challenges, there is evidence that strategic interventions such as habitat restoration and enhanced community engagement can mitigate biodiversity losses effectively. Protected area managers should prioritise the development of integrated conservation plans that address both immediate threats (e. g. , invasive species) and long-term sustainability issues. Community-based initiatives are recommended to enhance local ownership and support for conservation efforts. The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Ochieng Otieno (Tue,) studied this question.
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