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March 19, 20260 citationsOpen Access

A Two-Dimensional Gravitational-Wave Discriminant for Curvature-Controlled Extra-Dimensional Gravity: Echo Delay and Radion-Induced Frequency Sidebands as a Falsifiable Signature of the CCEGA Framework

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MSMarc López Sánchez

Key Points

  • The aim is to develop a gravitational-wave discriminant to test the CCEGA framework prediction.
  • Identified echo delay of approximately 14 ms from binary-black-hole mergers.
  • Examined frequency sidebands induced by the radion with specified mass ranges.
  • Compared predicted features with existing models of compact objects and extra-dimensional theories.
  • Echo delay and radion-induced sidebands are found to correlate only in the CCEGA framework.
  • Competing models do not account for both features as predicted in CCEGA.
  • The combined signature is observable by the Einstein Telescope around 2035.

Abstract

We identify a two-dimensional gravitational-wave (GW) discriminant that constitutes the primary falsifiable prediction of the Curvature-Controlled Extra-Dimensional Gravity and Emergent Unification (CCEGA) framework. The discriminant consists of (i) a post-merger echo delay τₑcho ≈ 14 ms for 30 M☉ binary-black-hole events, set by the geometry of the CCEGA warp factor W (ρ) ; and (ii) radion-induced frequency sidebands separated from the main echo by Δfᵣad ∈ 24, 2400 Hz for a radion mass m_φ ∈ 10⁻¹³, 10⁻¹¹ eV. We show that the simultaneous presence of both features, together with the functional correlation between τₑcho and Δfᵣad imposed by CCEGA geometry, is not reproduced generically by competing models: classical exotic compact objects (ECOs) predict echoes without sidebands, while extra-dimensional models lacking a dynamical modulus predict neither sidebands nor the specific (τₑcho, Δfᵣad) correlation derived here. The combined signature lies within the projected sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope (~2035), providing a decisive observational test of the framework.

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Cite This Study

Marc López Sánchez (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69bb938e496e729e62981884https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19065686
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  1. 1A Two-Dimensional Gravitational-Wave Discriminant for Curvature-Controlled Extra-Dimensional Gravity: Echo Delay and Radion-Induced Frequency Sidebands as a Falsifiable Signature of the CCEGA Framework2026
  2. 2Primary Falsifiable Prediction of the CCEGA Framework: Corrected Radion Excitation Analysis, Detection Window, and Physical Interpretation2026
  3. 3GW230529 in CCEGA: Radion Sidebands, Surface Redshift, and Einstein Telescope Falsification2026
  4. 4GW230529 in CCEGA: Radion Sidebands, Surface Redshift, and Einstein Telescope Falsification2026
  5. 5The CCEGA Programme: One Geometry, Four Open Problems, Four Falsifiable Predictions — A Synthesis of the Ten-Paper Series2026