This study compares three hybrid crystals. (C9H7NBr)CdCl3·H2O exhibits the highest birefringence (0.405@550 nm) due to distorted polyhedra and parallel organic alignment. Organic ligand branch isomerism maintains birefringence via denser packing, whereas Zn2+ substitution reduces it by canceling polarization vectors, providing a strategy for the fabrication of superior hybrid optical crystals.
Shen et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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