Study compares hybrid crystals to analyze birefringence effects from metal centers and ligand isomerism, suggesting improvements for optical applications.
This study compares three hybrid crystals. (C₉H₇NBr)CdCl₃·H₂O exhibits the highest birefringence (0.405@550 nm) due to distorted polyhedra and parallel organic alignment. Organic ligand branch isomerism maintains birefringence via denser packing, whereas Zn²⁺ substitution reduces it by canceling polarization vectors, providing a strategy for the fabrication of superior hybrid optical crystals.
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Shen et al. (2026) studied this question.
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