This section brings together abstracts that collectively reflect the breadth and methodological diversity of contemporary cancer research.Spanning solid tumours and haematological malignancies, the contributions are organised into six interrelated thematic clusters: tumour biology and molecular markers, diagnostic and radiological assessment, prognostic stratification and survival, treatment patterns and clinical outcomes, haematological malignancies and response dynamics, and quality of care and patient-centred oncology systems.A substantial proportion of the contributions address tumour biology and prognostic factors, highlighting the continued importance of histopathological and molecular markers in risk stratification.Studies on melanoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and renal cancer illustrate how parameters such as mitotic index, mutation status, microsatellite instability, pathological stage, and lymph node ratio refine prognostic assessment and support more individualised clinical decision-making.Diagnostic assessment and treatment response constitute another key focus.Radiologicalpathological correlations in head and neck tumours, imaging-based evaluation of response to induction chemotherapy in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, and post-radiosurgical volumetric response patterns in vestibular schwannoma demonstrate the expanding role of imaging in staging, therapeutic planning, and post-treatment interpretation.Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes are explored across multiple malignancies, including testicular tumours, breast cancer, melanoma, and chronic myeloid leukaemia, providing valuable insights into everyday clinical practice beyond controlled trial settings.Haematological oncology is further represented through analyses of molecular response dynamics and immune escape mechanisms in chronic leukaemia, linking biological processes with clinically relevant outcomes.Finally, the section includes patient-centred and system-level perspectives, addressing patient-reported outcomes and delays along oncology care pathways.Together, these abstracts highlight ongoing efforts to improve diagnostic precision, prognostic accuracy, therapeutic effectiveness, and the overall quality of cancer care. Mrcis LejaBackground.Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by progressive immune dysfunction driven by interactions between malignant B cells and regulatory immune populations.Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells include subsets with strong immunoregulatory properties that may promote tumour immune evasion.Aim.This study aimed to assess the frequencies and clinical relevance of two suppressive iNKT subpopulations FoxP3 - regulatory iNKT cells (iNKTreg) and IL-10-producing iNKT10 cells (E4BP4 -IL-10 -) in treatment-nave CLL patients.Methods.Peripheral blood samples from 60 untreated CLL patients and healthy controls were analysed using multi-colour flow cytometry.iNKTreg, iNKT10 cells and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) were quantified, including evaluation of IDO, ARG1, NOS2 and IL-10 expression.Associations with clinical stage, prognostic markers (ZAP-70, CD38, cytogenetic abnormalities), treatment requirements and time to first treatment (TTFT) were examined.ROC analysis was performed to identify cut-off values predicting ZAP-70 positivity.Results.iNKTreg and iNKT10 cell frequencies were significantly increased in CLL compared with controls, with the highest levels in advanced clinical stages.iNKTreg cells were increased in ZAP-70-positive and CD38-positive patients, whereas iNKT10 cells were elevated in cases with del(11q) or del(17p).Patients requiring therapy during follow-up had higher baseline levels of both subsets.Elevated iNKTreg frequencies were associated with shorter TTFT.Both iNKT subsets positively correlated with circulating IDO-expressing M-MDSCs, while no associations were observed with ARG1, NOS2 or IL-10 expression.Conclusions.iNKTreg and iNKT10 cells are expanded in CLL and associate with adverse prognostic markers and shorter TTFT.Their correlation with IDO-positive M-MDSCs suggests an interconnected immunosuppressive net-work contributing to disease progression and immune escape.
Mārcis Leja (Wed,) studied this question.