What does this research mean for the field?

The Unified J Framework significantly outperforms Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) in modeling galaxy rotation curves, achieving a 13.6-fold improvement in median reduced chi-squared across 165 galaxies in the SPARC database. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This analysis aims to compare the effectiveness of the J Framework and MOND in explaining rotation curves of galaxies.

May 31, 2026Open Access

J Framework vs MOND: A Comprehensive Rotation Curve Analysis Using the Full SPARC Dataset (165 Galaxies) v3

Key Points

This analysis aims to compare the effectiveness of the J Framework and MOND in explaining rotation curves of galaxies.
Systematic comparison of the J Framework against MOND using data from 165 galaxies in the SPARC database.
Statistical analysis involving median χ²_red to determine model fit.
Parameter analysis and discussion of free parameter asymmetry included.
J Framework shows a median χ²_red of 0.98 compared to MOND's 13.25, indicating a significant improvement.
J Framework outperformed MOND in 97% of the galaxies assessed, showcasing its robustness.

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic comparison of the Unified J Framework against Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) on 165 galaxies from the SPARC database. The J Framework achieves a median χ²ᵣed = 0. 98 versus MOND's 13. 25, a 13. 6× improvement, outperforming MOND in 97% of galaxies tested. Full methodology, parameter analysis, and discussion of free parameter asymmetry are included. Source code: https: //github. com/batmansaud99-crypto/J-model — Related to Paper I: DOI 10. 5281/zenodo. 20108692

J Framework vs MOND: A Comprehensive Rotation Curve Analysis Using the Full SPARC Dataset (165 Galaxies) v3

Key Points

Abstract

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