An atomic-level lens on biomolecular condensation by NMR spectroscopy

Key Points

• The study aims to explore how NMR spectroscopy can provide detailed insights into biomolecular phase separation and condensation.
• Applied chemical shift perturbation (CSP), relaxation, paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE), and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) to map interaction networks.
• Utilized solvent PRE, fluorine NMR, and systems NMR to enhance characterization of biomolecular condensates.
• Implemented solid-state NMR to connect liquid condensates with pathological solid aggregates linked to disease.
• NMR successfully mapped interaction networks in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) undergoing phase separation.
• Characterization methods using solvent PRE and 19F NMR improved understanding of biomolecular condensates.
• Findings indicate a link between liquid condensates and solid aggregates, with implications for understanding disease mechanisms.