What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to explore the structure and implications of a Qur'an-governed solar-lunar calendar focusing on Ramadan and sacred months.

June 23, 2026Open Access

Message 8: Ramadan — The 1st Sacred and 9th Month

Key Points

The study aims to explore the structure and implications of a Qur'an-governed solar-lunar calendar focusing on Ramadan and sacred months.
Analyzed the equinox-anchored 19-year Metonic cycle for lunar phases and months.
Described intercalary lunations and their positioning within the twelve-month count.
Utilized mathematical observations and supplementary data for reproducibility.
Identified the connection between the southward equinox and Ramadan as the first sacred month.
Clarified the positioning of intercalary lunations as Month 0 at designated intervals.
Discussed the prohibition of nasī within the solar-lunar framework.

Abstract

The Equinox-Anchored 19-Year Metonic Cycle This MESSAGE is an equinox-anchored, Qur’an-governed solar-lunar calendar in which the lunation containing the southward equinox is Ramadan: the first sacred month and Month 9. The remaining sacred months follow consecutively as Months 10–12. Using the nineteen-year / 235-lunation relation, seven intercalary lunations are designated Month 0 after 24- or 36-month intervals, never as a thirteenth numbered month. The study examines the Qur’anic solar-lunar field, years and calculation, crescents, balance, the twelve-month count, and the prohibition of nasī, with supporting mathematical observations and reproducible supplementary data.

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Cite This Study

Mahmoud Ahmed (Tue,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a3a225d111626ef22ab6f87 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20767382

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