What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to unify diverse cosmic observations through a framework of evolving gravitational dynamics.

February 19, 2026Open Access

Multi-Scale Observational Convergence on Holographic Vacuum Evolution: Unifying JWST Early Galaxies, Galactic Kinematics, and the Hubble Mountain

Key Points

The aim is to unify diverse cosmic observations through a framework of evolving gravitational dynamics.
Analyzed data from JWST high-redshift galaxies and DESI expansion history.
Integrated findings with galactic kinematics over multiple spatial scales.
Developed a theoretical framework involving U(1) phase structure and vacuum dynamics.
Identified a non-monotonic peak in expansion history at z ≈ 1.32 as a vacuum transition signature.
Established a 2:1 ratio between vacuum modulus relaxation and expansion boost, aligning with observed peak amplitude.
Demonstrated a 35-fold enhancement of MONDian acceleration related to rapid galaxy formation at z ~ 15.5.

Abstract

This preprint synthesizes recent observations spanning 14 orders of magnitude in spatial scale, revealing convergent patterns suggesting time-evolving gravitational phenomenology. We unify data from JWST high-redshift galaxies (z > 14), DESI DR1 expansion history, and galactic kinematics through a framework of complex vacuum field dynamics with U(1) phase structure. KEY FINDINGS: The Hubble Mountain: We identify a non-monotonic peak in H₀(z) at z ≈ 1.32 in model-independent DESI reconstructions as the signature of a discrete Phase 2 vacuum transition. The 2:1 Symmetry: A rigid theoretical consequence is a 2:1 ratio between vacuum modulus relaxation and expansion boost, matching the observed peak amplitude H₀ ≈ 71.04 ± 1.93 km/s/Mpc. Cosmic Dawn Ignition: A Phase 1 transition at z ~ 15.5 enables a 35-fold holographic enhancement of the MONDian acceleration scale a₀, naturally explaining the unexpectedly rapid formation and chemical maturity (oxygen/nitrogen) of JWST galaxies. Galactic Scaling: Systematic tests across 175 SPARC galaxies and 23 dwarf spheroidals demonstrate that horizon-dependent formulations (a₀ ∝ H(z)) provide superior fits to rotation curves over fixed-parameter models. FALSIFICATION ROADMAP: The framework presents six independent empirical pathways for verification or refutation by 2035:- Near-term (2026-2027): Gaia DR4 wide binaries, DESI DR2 mountain persistence- Medium-term (2028-2030): Roman Space Telescope lensed supernovae, JWST high-z spectroscopy- Long-term (2030-2035): CMB-S4 large-scale correlations, SKA 21cm tomography, Einstein Telescope gravitational wave sirens The framework addresses major cosmological tensions (Hubble, S₈, JWST early galaxies, SMBH growth) through a unified physical mechanism, while connecting to string theory swampland conjectures and quantum gravity consistency requirements.

Multi-Scale Observational Convergence on Holographic Vacuum Evolution: Unifying JWST Early Galaxies, Galactic Kinematics, and the Hubble Mountain

Key Points

Abstract

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