Compliance‐Matched Small‐Diameter Vascular Grafts via Hybrid Melt Electrospinning‐Electrowriting (MES/MEW) Fabrication

Currently, one of the major challenges faced by small‐diameter vascular grafts is the mismatch in compliance between grafts and natural blood vessels. Herein, hybrid manufacturing technology combining the pros of melt electrospinning (MES) and melt electrowriting (MEW) is utilized to fabricate small‐diameter vascular grafts, enabling the fabrication of grafts that exhibit both physiological compliance and appropriate mechanical properties. By leveraging their customizable structure and high‐precision printing capabilities, these MEW layers significantly enhance the overall mechanical performance of the hybrid vascular grafts, as indicated by the following values: S‐W Squ. (6.63% ± 0.19%/100 mmHg), S‐W Ser. (7.00% ± 0.52%/100 mmHg), S‐W 30° (7.95% ± 0.28%/100 mmHg), S‐W 45° (9.82% ± 0.41%/100 mmHg), and S‐W 60° (9.68% ± 0.42%/100 mmHg). Notably, these varying compliance degrees are specifically tailored to meet the requirements of different blood vessel types. This MEW‐based hybrid printing method will open new avenues and address the challenges in the fabrication of small‐diameter vascular grafts.