Review highlights heart rate variability's role in assessing training adaptation and physiological responses, suggesting its value across sports and medicine.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of non-invasive methods for assessing the functional state of the human body in medicine, sports, and professional activities. One of the most powerful tools for such monitoring is heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, which reflects the effectiveness and tension of regulatory systems, physiological adaptation levels, and the body’s response to exercise. This review presents current understanding of the HRV analysis methodology, including temporal, geometric, spectral and nonlinear methods. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed, alongside the importance of data quality, recording standardization, and controlling external factors that may affect reliability. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of HRV in sports physiology for monitoring training adaptation, recovery status, and overtraining prevention. It is shown that adaptation to physical exercise is accompanied by increases in HRV parameters such as SDNN, RMSSD, HF power, and SD1. HRV is highlighted as a multidisciplinary tool effective in cardiology, psychophysiology, sports science, and occupational medicine. The article summarizes contemporary findings on the practical value of HRV metrics for dynamic monitoring of the human functional state.
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Lyubomyr et al. (2025) studied this question.
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