Optimizing Gear Selection and Engine Speed to Reduce CO2 Emissions in Agricultural Tractors

In modern agriculture, tractors play a crucial role in powering tools and implements. Proper operation of agricultural tractors in mechanized field operations can support sustainable agriculture and reduce emissions of pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2). This has been a recurring concern associated with agricultural intensification for food production. This study aimed to evaluate the optimization of tractor gears and engine speed during crop operations to minimize CO2 emissions and promote sustainability. The experiment was conducted using a strip plot design with subdivided sections and six replications, following a double factorial structure. The first factor evaluated was the type of agricultural implement (disc harrow, subsoiler, or sprayer), while the second factor was the engine speed setting (nominal or reduced). Operational and energy performance metrics were analyzed, including fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, travel speed, effective working time, wheel slippage, and working depth. Optimized gear selection and engine speeds resulted in a 20 to 40% reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. However, other evaluated parameters remain unaffected by the reduced engine speed, regardless of the implement used, ensuring the operation’s quality. Thus, optimizing operator training or configuring machines allows for environmental impact reduction, making agricultural practices more sustainable.