Hormonal Profiles in Primary Infertility: Evaluating AMH, LH and Progesterone Levels in Women Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria

Background: Infertility is a reproductive health issue affecting millions of couples worldwide, with women experiencing delayed childbirth into their late 30s. Methods: This study measured levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone (PRG) in 71 women with primary infertility and 71 fertile controls at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. Blood samples were collected at standard points in the menstrual cycle and tested using ELISA and CLIA methods. Results: Lower AMH (1.85 ± 1.40 ng/ml vs. 3.52 ± 2.41 ng/ml; p<0.001) and PRG (11.44 ± 7.91 ng/ml was observed in women with primary infertility compare to control (13.65 ± 6.86 ng/ml; p=0.034). LH levels of both groups were similar. A moderate negative correlation was observed between age and AMH (r=–0.305, p<0.001). Conclusion: Primary infertility may be associated with low AMH and PRG level among these women. These hormones should be included in routine infertility tests to support earlier diagnosis and tailored care.