This review highlights advancements in diagnostics and treatment for dry eye disease, suggesting gaps in current knowledge.
Abstract Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular condition characterized by tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities. DED impacts millions worldwide, leading to symptoms such as irritation, dryness, and visual disturbances. In recent years, advances in diagnostics, treatment modalities, and understanding of DED pathophysiology have transformed its clinical management. This review examines the current evidence (2022–2024), with a focus on etiology, diagnostic tools, and emerging therapeutic options, while highlighting knowledge gaps and outlining future research directions.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Karimi et al. (2025) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: