Correlation between allergic diseases and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives This meta-analysis aims to investigate the potential association between allergic diseases and lung cancer. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to October 8, 2024. Data analysis was performed using Stata 14.0, employing fixed or random effects models based on heterogeneity ( p > 0.1, I 2 ≤ 50% or I 2 > 50%). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted, and publication bias was assessed. Results Analysis of 10 studies revealed a negative association between allergic diseases and lung cancer risk (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66–0.85, I 2 = 74.4%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed eczema was not statistically associated with lung cancer (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.51–1.06), while allergic rhinitis showed negative correlation (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.64–0.86). Both men (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.44–0.71) and women (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.94) with allergic diseases demonstrated reduced lung cancer risk. Conclusion Allergic diseases are inversely associated with lung cancer risk, with allergic rhinitis acting as a protective factor, while eczema shows no significant association. Further epidemiological studies are warranted. Systematic review registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-11-0086/ , identifier INPLASY2024110086.