The Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Trauma: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Osteoporosis, a common bone disorder marked by decreased bone density and heightened fracture risk, especially after minor trauma, presents a significant public health challenge. The effects of trauma on patients with osteoporosis, particularly in the hip and vertebrae, result in considerable morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenses. This study aims to systematically review the existing literature on the relationship between osteoporosis and trauma. It explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of trauma in osteoporotic patients while identifying gaps in preventive strategies. Material and Methods: A systematic review was conducted using peer-reviewed journal articles focusing on osteoporosis-related trauma. Inclusion criteria included studies evaluating osteoporotic patients with traumatic injuries or those undergoing trauma risk assessments. Data were extracted from randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies, excluding non-human and non-research articles. Statistical analysis and critical appraisal were performed, and the selected studies were ensured to have methodological rigor. Results: The findings emphasize a strong correlation between osteoporosis and trauma, with osteoporotic patients facing higher fracture rates and more extended recovery periods. The review reveals a significant gap in trauma prevention strategies, as current clinical approaches mainly prioritize pharmacological treatment over comprehensive fracture risk reduction. The increasing incidence of osteoporotic fractures, particularly in aging populations, highlights the need for early screening and multidisciplinary intervention. Conclusion: Osteoporosis significantly increases the risk of fractures after minor trauma, leading to serious health consequences and economic burdens. However, the existing treatment strategies, though inadequate, provide opportunities for enhancement. An integrative approach that combines pharmacological therapy, fall prevention programs, and patient education could significantly enhance trauma prevention. The future shows promise for developing standardized guidelines for trauma prevention and optimizing clinical pathways for osteoporotic patients.