Mastitis in Lactating Patients - A Literature Review

Mastitis is a common and significant complication affecting breastfeeding women worldwide. It can substantially impact maternal health and infant feeding, frequently resulting in premature cessation of breastfeeding. If inadequately managed, mastitis can progress to more severe outcomes such as breast abscess, recurrent infection, or in rare cases, be mistaken for inflammatory breast cancer. Due to prevalence of the condition, potential complications and the need for effective treatment, mastitis still poses a big challenge for clinical practitioners. Aim of the study: This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the etiology, clinical presentation and management of symptoms, which includes both pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment of the condition. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted focusing on the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, prevention and management strategies of mastitis in lactating women. Results and conclusions: Mastitis in lactating women varies widely- ranging from around 3% to over 30% due to differences in diagnostic criteria, duration of follow-up, and type of population. It is characterized by breast pain, swelling, erythema, and can often be accompanied by systemic flu-like symptoms such as fever and malaise. Optimal management hinges on early recognition, combined with non-pharmacological strategies such as maintaining direct breastfeeding, correcting latch issues, providing adequate rest and hydration, completed by a pharmacological treatment that includes: use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and in confirmed or persistent bacterial cases- a targeted use of antibiotics.