The role of probiotics in the non-surgical management of peri-implantitis: a systematic review

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of dental implants, which can result in bone loss and possible implant failure. Given their potential antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, probiotics have been suggested as an adjuvant to Mechanical debridement in the treatment for peri-implantitis. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of probiotics as an adjuvant in non-surgical management of peri-implantitis. A thorough literature search was carried out using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The search covered studies published between 2015 and 2024, utilizing search string including "probiotics," "peri-implantitis," "dental implants," "adjunctive therapy," "Non-surgical periodontal therapy" and "oral microbiota"." This review consolidates existing evidence regarding the use of probiotics as a beneficial adjunctive therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis, offering insights into their clinical significance, mechanisms of action, and potential drawbacks of the treatment protocol. Probiotics may serve as a beneficial complement to traditional peri-implantitis treatments; however, additional high-quality research is necessary to confirm their effectiveness and long-term advantages.