Impact Management of Different Types of Extrusion on Microstructural, Mechanical and Functional Properties of Brass Alloys: a Review

This literature review aims to critically examine the effects of extrusion on the microstructural, mechanical, and functional properties of brass alloys, focusing on both binary and ternary compositions, including lead-free alternatives. Over 35 research articles published between 2006 and 2022 were analyzed, covering conventional extrusion routes, ECAP, twist extrusion, friction stir back extrusion (FSBE), and powder metallurgy combined with plasma sintering. Extrusion has proven effective in grain refinement, texture control, and mechanical strengthening, although it also poses challenges such as thermal cracking, phase segregation, and hot tearing. Alloys with Bi, Sn, Ti, and graphite additions have shown excellent functional and environmental performance, positioning them as promising substitutes for traditional Pb-containing brass. Computational modeling has emerged as a key tool for defect prediction and process optimization. This review provides valuable technical insights for the design and manufacture of high-performance extruded brass components aligned with modern industrial demands.