Phytochemicals: A review of their role in human health and disease prevention

Phytochemicals, bioactive compounds found in plant-based foods, have gained significant attention for their potential health benefits. These non-nutrient plant chemicals have been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, making them a promising approach for preventing and managing chronic diseases. This review highlights the role of phytochemicals in human health, focusing on their potential to prevent and manage various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cancer, kidney disease, bone diseases, ulcers, and hypertension. Phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, essential oils, and alkaloids, have been found to exhibit therapeutic potential, and their mechanisms of action are being explored. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other plant-based foods can provide a range of phytochemicals, which can work synergistically to promote health and prevent disease.