Abstract In pursuit of low‐power consumption and surpassing computational limitations of silicon‐based chips, people are beginning to seek more efficient computing devices, such as Wetware Computing. The cutting‐edge approach uses living biological tissues, specifically neuronal networks, to perform computational tasks. This computing method, which is a mixture of hardware, software, and biology, is an emerging computing method that has received a lot of attention in recent years. As an important branch of organ‐on‐a‐chip, brain‐on‐a‐chip, which combines Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical System technology, electronic technology, and tissue engineering, can provide a powerful research platform for Wetware Computing. In this paper, the brain‐on‐a‐chip for Wetware Computing is reviewed. This paper summarizes the methods for establishing a brain‐on‐a‐chip for Wetware Computing, including the brain organoids cultured in vitro, microelectrode arrays, electrophysiology interfaces, and microfluidic platforms that make up the brain‐on‐a‐chip. In addition, the data processing methods of brain‐on‐a‐chip are reviewed, including encoding and decoding methods. In this paper, the focus is also on the application and the prospect of brain‐on‐a‐chip in Wetware Computing.
Li et al. (2025) studied this question.