Digital Soil Mapping: A Review of Techniques, Applications and Emerging Trends

Digital Soil Mapping is a method of digital evaluation of soil. It consisting of numerous processes such as creation of soil information system, maintenance of digital data base etc. it involves the generating digital soil maps with the help of Geographic information System and Remote Sensing. Digital Soil mapping system embedded with the computer enabled techniques to produce detailed and accurate information. Digital Soil Mapping is an integral part of the Soil information System. It is emerged as a new methodology to describe the soil physical and spatial properties efficiently. It helps in providing information related to soil organic matter other physical properties. Digital soil mapping system is consisting of various models which provide spatial information. The integration of deep learning and AI has revolutionized the way to increase the soil and crop sustainability, helps in enhancing productivity and minimizing environmental hazards. Different AI-ML technologies enable precision agriculture optimizing resource use, improving soil health, and facilitating real-time crop monitoring. AI Based soil information systems helps in precise analysis of soil properties, early detection of degradation, and optimization of irrigation practices, contributing to more sustainable land use.