Modern methods of radiological diagnosis of osteoporosis. Part 1: X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative CT, panoramic tomography, bone ultrasonometry: a review

INTRODUCTION : By 2050, approximately 22% of the world’s population is expected to be over 60 years of age. Increasing life expectancy leads to an increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases, including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is the most common cause of low-energy bone fractures, thereby reducing life expectancy and quality of life. OBJECTIVE : To present up-to-date data on the methods of radiodiagnostic diagnosis for osteoporosis using X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, panoramic dental tomography and bone ultrasonometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS : The research and analysis was conducted to search for scientific publications and clinical recommendations in information-analytical systems eLIBRARY.RU and PubMed for 2005–2024 by the following keywords: osteoporosis, quantitative computed tomography, osteodensitometry, absorptiometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, panoramic tomography, bone ultrasonometry, bone mineral density. RESULTS: 454 articles was analyzed, 27 of which were used to compile the review. Data on diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and calculated indices of each method are presented. CONCLUSION : Each of the radiation methods described in this review has its place and development prospects in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The analysis of scientific data on the described methods shows a continuous development and an increasing interest in each of the methods.