Trial reveals improved antioxidant and antibacterial properties in active packaging films from brewer's spent grain, indicating eugenol's superiority over clove powder.
Herein by following the trend of food waste valorization into innovative biobased materials the utilization of brewer's spent grain (BSG) into added value edible, high oxygen barrier, flexible active packaging films via extrusion molding compression method is presented. Gelatin (Gel) is used as both reinforcement and barrier agent and glycerol (Gl) as plasticizer. Eugenol nanoencapsulated on natural zeolite (EG@NZ) and pure clove powder (ClP) used as active agent to obtain BSG/Gel/Gl/xEG@NZ and BSG/Gel/Gl/xClP (x=5, 10, and 15 %wt.) active films. Both BSG/Gel/Gl/xEG@NZ and BSG/Gel/Gl/xClP films shown enhanced tensile, oxygen barrier, antioxidant, antibacterial properties and low toxicity and genotoxicity values. All BSG/Gel/Gl/xEG@NZ films presented higher oxygen barrier, higher total phenolic content (TPC) values, higher antioxidant activity according to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, higher inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and lower toxicity and genotoxicity than all BSG/Gel/Gl/xClP films proving the superiority of nanoencapsulated EG on NZ against physical encapsulated EG in ClP. Overall, BSG/Gel/Gl/15EG@NZactive film exhibited 218% higher tensile strength, 93% higher TPC value, 90% lower effective concentration for 60% antioxidant activity value (EC60) than pure BSG/Gel/Gl film and 45, 30 mm zone against S. Aureus and E. Coli correspondingly and zero oxygen barrier. This film succeeds in extending the shelf-life of fresh minced meat by two days and has high potential to be used as active packaging material.
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Ntari et al. (2025) studied this question.
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