Individualizing Strength Training Using the Vertical Force-Velocity Profile in Vertical Jumping and its Effect on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review

Background. The individualization of strength training represents a promising strategy for enhancing performance in high-speed actions, such as jumping and sprinting. The vertical force-velocity (F-v) profile allows for the identification of individual imbalances between force and velocity in vertical jumping. Objectives. This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of individualized strength training programs based on the vertical F-v profile on jump and sprint performance. Materials and methods. A comprehensive search was conducted in scientific databases following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing eight studies that met the inclusion criteria. The study involved a total of 353 subjects over 18 years of age participated, including athletes, students, and professional dancers. The training protocols encompassed two weekly sessions over a period of 7 to 12 weeks, using exercises such as squats and vertical jumps, tailored to each individual’s F-v profile. Results. The main results indicated significant improvements in countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and sprint performance, with greater gains observed in groups that received optimized training based on the F-v profile. The findings were consistent with previous research highlighting the effectiveness of the F-v profile for planning more specific and effective training programs. However, methodological differences were identified among studies, particularly in exercise selection and training volume. Conclusions. It is concluded that individualized training based on the vertical force-velocity profile is effective in enhancing performance in disciplines requiring explosive actions. This tool allows for optimized strength training programming.