“Bimetallic Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis Methods and Their Potential Application”

The performance limitations of monometallic nanoparticles, such as reduced stability, limited catalytic efficiency, and susceptibility to deactivation, pose significant challenges in various scientific and industrial applications. To address these issues, bimetallic transition metal nanoparticles (BTENs) have emerged as promising alternatives due to their unique structural and functional properties. Composed of two different metal elements, BTENs exhibit synergistic effects that enhance their catalytic, electronic, magnetic, and optical characteristics beyond those of monometallic counterparts. Their synthesis can be achieved through diverse methods, including chemical reduction, sol–gel, hydrothermal, microemulsion, and green techniques involving plant extracts or microorganisms. BTENs offer tunable catalytic activity, improved durability, and higher efficiency, making them suitable for energy storage devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors), sensors, and environmental monitoring. Additionally, their tailored electronic structure facilitates high performance in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and therapy. Their magnetic and optical properties further support advanced techniques like MRI, magnetic hyperthermia, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and photothermal therapy.