Quality Check Parameters by Adding Different Natural Coagulants and Analyzing their Results - A Review

Water contamination is a critical issue, especially in developing countries, where access to clean and safe drinking water remains a challenge. Conventional chemical coagulants such as alum and ferric chloride, although widely used in water treatment processes, pose several environmental and health concerns including residual toxicity and sludge disposal issues. In recent years, natural coagulants have gained increasing attention as sustainable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly alternatives. This review paper explores various natural coagulants and evaluates their effectiveness in improving water quality by analyzing key parameters such as turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). These parameters help in assessing the performance and suitability of each natural coagulant for treating different types of water. In this project, we focus on the use of natural materials with coagulating properties, which are abundantly available in India. Thus, we have opted for orange seeds, neem seeds, soybean seeds, tulsi seeds, and Moringa oleifera seeds —promising bioflocculants whose seeds are plentifully available in India and are popular and widely used in rural and tribal areas for the purification of water. These seeds contain natural polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides that facilitate floc formation, enabling the removal of suspended particles from water. The review aims to provide a comparative understanding of these natural coagulants, their mechanisms of action, and their potential application in decentralized water treatment systems, thereby contributing to a sustainable and lowcost solution for clean water access.