A bibliometric review of research on resilience, motivation and prisoners, 1912-2024

<ns7:p>Background Research on resilience and motivation among incarcerated individuals has gained increasing academic interest due to its relevance in rehabilitation, reducing recidivism, and promoting societal reintegration. Prisoners often face psychological distress, social isolation, and behavioral challenges, making resilience and motivation essential for enduring incarceration and engaging in rehabilitative efforts. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis that maps the evolution, influence, and thematic development of this research area remains limited. Methods This study aims to examine publication trends, key contributors, major thematic domains, and intellectual structures in resilience and motivation research related to prisoners from 1912 to 2024. Using Scopus-indexed literature, a bibliometric analysis was conducted employing co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, and citation analysis to assess research output, collaboration patterns, and thematic progression. Results Findings reveal a significant surge in research since the early 2000s, with the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany leading in publication volume. Keyword analysis identifies four dominant thematic clusters: psychological resilience and coping, addiction rehabilitation, post-incarceration reintegration strategies, and decision-making within correctional environments. Citation analysis highlights pivotal works that have shaped the field, reflecting a shift from punitive correctional models toward rehabilitative, psychological, and policy-oriented approaches. Despite advancements, gaps remain in cross-cultural perspectives, gender-specific interventions, and post-release support systems. Conclusions The findings underscore the need for global collaboration, interdisciplinary approaches, and innovative rehabilitation strategies to advance resilience and motivation research in correctional contexts. This review contributes to the development of evidence-based policies, correctional education, and rehabilitation frameworks aimed at improving prisoner well-being, reducing recidivism, and fostering successful reintegration into society.</ns7:p>