The Role of the CDH1 Gene in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Lobular Breast Cancer

CDH1, encoding the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin, is a critical tumor suppressor gene frequently altered in lobular breast cancer (LBC). Loss of CDH1 function, primarily through truncating or missense mutations and loss of heterozygosity, disrupts cell adhesion and polarity, promoting tumor invasiveness and metastasis. This molecular alteration defines LBC's unique histology and clinical behavior, including distinct metastatic patterns and therapeutic resistance. While epigenetic silencing is less common, CDH1 loss correlates with poorer survival outcomes. Understanding CDH1's role offers opportunities for targeted therapies and improved patient management, though further research is needed to address existing gaps.