HOTS are essential for enhancing critical thinking abilities among physics students. It highlights that students often struggle with HOTS questions due to a lack of familiarity and inadequate skills, which can hinder their critical thinking development. The purpose of this research is to identify and highlight several research publications that examine HOTS to improve physics students' critical thinking in the era of education 5.0. The search will be conducted on relevant electronic academic databases, including education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Scopus, and Google Scholar. The publication time limit will be considered (e.g., the last 5-10 years) to focus on research relevant to the context of the Education 5.0 era. The main findings of this study indicate that the integration of HOTS in higher education, particularly in physics education during the Society 5.0 era, leads to a significant enhancement of critical thinking capabilities. The conclusion of the paper underscores the importance of integrating HOTS into physics education to enhance critical thinking while also addressing the challenges and necessary investments for successful implementation. The paper contributes to the understanding of how HOTS can improve critical thinking in physics education, identify challenges and solutions, and provides a framework for future research and practice in the field.
Lumbu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.