Exploring the Acceptability, Appropriateness and Utility of Project SOLVE-NZ, a Digital Single-Session Intervention for Adolescent Mental Health in New Zealand (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Globally, we face a significant treatment gap in mental health care, with extensive wait-times, exorbitant prices, and concerns about appropriateness for non-Western clients. Digital single-session interventions (SSIs) may offer a promising alternative. SSIs target particular mechanisms that underlie broad ranging psychopathology, including deficits in problem solving skills. OBJECTIVE Developed in the US, Project SOLVE is a digital SSI that teaches problem solving skills to adolescents. This study evaluated the acceptability, appropriateness, and utility of an adapted version, Project SOLVE-NZ, among rangatahi (young people) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Additionally, we evaluated a comparable online activity, Project Success-NZ, as a potential active control condition in a future RCT of Project SOLVE-NZ. METHODS A sample of school students and teachers completed Project SOLVE-NZ and Project Success-NZ. Feedback on the interventions was collected through focus group and semi-structured interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Twelve students (aged between 13 and 14 years; female students: n=6, 50%) participated in a focus group, and eight teachers (years teaching experience: mean 8.75, SD 7.96; female teachers: n=5, 62.5%) participated in individual interviews. Participants endorsed the sociocultural relevance of Project SOLVE-NZ and Project Success–NZ to rangatahi in Aotearoa New Zealand and viewed all existing adaptations favourably. Participants felt the interventions would be valuable to a wide range of rangatahi, helping to fill gaps in students’ learning and provide benefits to mental health. Participants also believed the interventions may be particularly relevant for youth experiencing economic hardship. Interestingly, most participants had no preference for either Project SOLVE–NZ or Project Success–NZ, and they believed both interventions could provide on-going support to rangatahi throughout the school year. Teachers provided some suggestions on increasing student engagement with the interventions, namely through increased cultural and gender representation, visual and literacy aids, whakawhanuangatanga (relationship building), and teacher guidance. Overall, interviews revealed that both interventions were perceived as acceptable, appropriate, and useful for rangatahi in New Zealand and highlighted further adaptations that could be made prior to an RCT of Project SOLVE–NZ across schools nationwide. CONCLUSIONS Digital SSIs show promise in addressing the mental health treatment gap for adolescents. Both Project SOLVE–NZ and Project Success-NZ were well-received by students and teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand and may provide benefits to youth mental health. We make the following recommendations for others interested in designing digital SSIs or similar tools for young people: involve rangatahi and relevant stakeholders in the design process; consider how the intervention will be implemented; ensure the intervention accommodates a range of cognitive abilities; and ensure the intervention reflects the diversity of rangatahi today.