In Vitro Study on the Synergistic Regulation of CD8⁺T Cell Subset Differentiation and Effector Function by IL-33 and Eomes Deficiency

Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the synergistic regulatory effect of IL-33 and Eomes transcription factor deficiency on the differentiation and effector function of CD8⁺ T memory cell subsets. Methods Using wild-type (WT) and Eomes knockout (EKO) mouse models, combined with flow cytometry analysis, we systematically evaluated the phenotypic and functional changes of CD8⁺ T cells under different culture conditions in vitro. Results TWS119 upregulated the expression of stem cell-like memory cells (TSCM) when Eomes was deficient. Eomes deficiency downregulated the expression of Ly108 and upregulated the expression of IFN-γ. The combination of IL-33 and Eomes deficiency upregulated the expression of effector-like cells and downregulated the expression of exhausted-like cells, promoting the differentiation of CD8⁺ T cells towards the effector direction. Conclusion There is a synergistic mechanism between IL-33 and Eomes in regulating the differentiation of CD8⁺ T cells, providing a new theoretical basis for optimizing T cell immunotherapy strategies.