Symptom Network and Latent Profile Analysis in Patients After Glioma Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Background Glioma is characterized by a high rate of disability and recurrence. Postoperative patients often experience three or more concurrent symptoms. Exploring the interrelationships among these symptoms from both group and individual perspectives facilitates the implementation of precision and stratified medicine in symptom management for postoperative glioma patients. Purpose This study aimed to identify the core symptoms in patients following glioma surgery by constructing a symptom network model and to classify patient subgroups exhibiting heterogeneity through latent profile analysis. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 357 adult postoperative glioma patients, utilizing the Chinese version of the Anderson Brain Tumor Symptom Scale. Core symptoms were identified via network analysis, and distinct subgroups were delineated using latent profile analysis. Results “Weakness” and “drowsiness” emerged as core symptoms. Three subgroups with distinct characteristics were identified: (1) “Gastrointestinal and Emotional Distress Predominant – Low Risk, High Symptom Burden,” (2) “Sleep and Functional Impairment Predominant – High Risk, High Symptom Burden,” and (3) “High Risk, Low Symptom Burden.” Conclusions These findings provide a scientific foundation for targeted symptom management. From a population perspective, interventions should prioritize core symptoms following glioma surgery. From an individual perspective, heterogeneous glioma patients require tailored treatment and management based on subgroup classification. Implications for practice: Nurses should focus on core symptoms and recognize individual heterogeneity to implement stratified management approaches, ensuring effective symptom support for postoperative glioma patients, thereby reducing symptom burden and enhancing quality of life.