Mortality Patterns Among Urban Poor Populations: A Scoping Review of Social Determinants, Disease Burden, and Healthcare Access

This scoping review examines the causes of death among urban poor populations, with a focus on the interplay between infectious and non-communicable diseases, social determinants of health, and external factors. Based on a synthesis of 29 empirical studies, it identifies how overcrowded, unhygienic environments contribute to infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 (prevalence ranging from 15% to 35%). In contrast, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular conditions and diabetes stem from systemic barriers to healthcare. This study highlights the importance of enhancing healthcare services, bolstering social support systems, and addressing economic and environmental disparities. Collaborative efforts among governments, communities, and organizations are crucial to achieving sustainable public health solutions.