Comparative Analysis of Vertical and U-Shaped Tracheostomy Incision Healing Rates: Fibroblast Cell Count Examination

Airway emergencies can significantly increase morbidity and mortality rates, necessitating prompt and accurate assessment and management. Tracheostomy, a procedure to address inadequate ventilation and upper airway obstruction, involves various techniques such as vertical and U-shaped incisions, each affecting wound healing differently. This study aimed to analyze and compare the wound healing rates of vertical versus U-shaped tracheostomy incisions in terms of fibroblast cell count. This was an experimental preclinical study utilized white rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into two groups based on tracheal incision types: vertical and U-shaped. Fibroblast cell count served as the primary measure of healing, examined under a light microscope with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that the median fibroblast cell count was significantly higher in the U-shaped incision group (103.5 pg/mL) compared to the vertical incision group (25.2 pg/mL), indicating faster healing in the U-shaped incision group. In conclusion, the U-shaped tracheostomy incision demonstrates superior wound healing compared to the vertical incision, reflected by higher fibroblast cell counts. Further research is recommended to confirm these findings in clinical settings.