Risk assessment of an offshore green hydrogen production system

Offshore green hydrogen production, which involves producing hydrogen using offshore renewable energy resources such as waves and wind, has gained attention as a key technology for achieving carbon neutrality and sustainability owing to access to the deionized water required for producing hydrogen from seawater. However, hazards to offshore green hydrogen production systems include exposure to the marine environment, intermittency of renewable power, and limited space. In this paper, a hazard and operability study (HAZOP) was conducted to systematically assess the risks to a 100‐kW‐class offshore green hydrogen production system with a particular focus on the deionized water supply nodes. Safety instrumented functions (SIFs) were derived for causes and consequences assessed as having a worrisome risk level, and recommendations were developed to improve system safety. A layer of protection analysis (LOPA) was conducted to assign safety integrity levels, and the results were used to determine if additional protective layers should be implemented to ensure the safety of the system.