Construction of g-C

Traditional photocatalytic systems often face significant challenges in nanocatalyst recovery from aqueous solutions, hindering their practical implementation in industrial-scale wastewater remediation. In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) metal-free heterostructure film was spontaneously coassembled at the gas-liquid interface, with a uniform film structure of g-C3N4, well-stacked graphene oxide, and hexagonal boron nitride over centimeters in size. The van der Waals heterostructure film exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance behavior and broadband photoperception from 450 to 550 nm. Moreover, the optimized reaction rate of the film is 7.2 times higher than that of the pure g-C3N4 powder control system. Under visible light irradiation, the film achieves ca. 92% degradation rate for RhB and exhibits a degradation efficiency of up to 76% for 2,4-DCP. The robust structural integrity maintained during prolonged cycling tests, coupled with its efficient solar-driven and charge carrier dynamics performance, renders this thin-film architecture particularly promising for industrial-scale implementation through incorporation into fixed-bed photocatalytic reactor systems.