Development of an Automated Classification System for Medication-Related Incident Factors: A Practical Approach to Enhancing Patient Safety Management.

Analyzing medication-related incident reports is crucial for patient safety; however, systematically extracting the underlying factors contributing to incident occurrence remains challenging. We developed a multi-label classifier that automatically identified incident factors from 1,212 drug-related incident reports using the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers and its derivatives. Based on the P-mSHELL model, a comprehensive framework for incident factor analysis, we established seven distinct factor categories and evaluated various pre-trained models through five-fold cross-validation. Almost all models achieved macro F1 scores exceeding 0.6, with the lightweight A Lite BERT model showing comparable performance to BERT. This study demonstrates the practical feasibility of natural language processing techniques for systematic incident factor analysis, supporting enhanced patient safety management.