Can an AI Chatbot Employ Psychological Counseling Techniques to Motivate Individuals to Receive Vaccinations?

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an AI-driven digital assistant in reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and enhancing vaccine confidence among vaccine-hesitant adults in Hong Kong through a randomized controlled trial (N = 177). Participants in the intervention group (n = 91) received a web-based psychoeducation program with an AI chatbot utilizing motivational interviewing techniques, while the control group (n = 86) received standard learning materials. Results showed significant improvements in vaccine readiness (p = 0.027), confidence (p = 0.012), and trust in government (p = 0.032) in the intervention group, with moderate effect sizes. The study highlights the potential of AI and motivational interviewing to improve vaccine confidence and readiness, supporting the integration of AI-driven communication strategies in public health interventions.