Prescription Trends by Orthopedic Surgery Provider: Review of the Medicare Part D Prescribers - by Provider and Drug, 2013-2021.

We characterize outpatient prescribing trends of orthopedic surgery providers in the United States. A retrospective analysis of the Medicare Part D Prescribers - by Provider and Drug was conducted between 2013 and 2021, including anti-osteoporotic medications (AOMs), antibiotics, opioids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Outcomes included claims, claims per 1,000 prescribers, combined annual growth rate, and percentage growth. Claims for AOMs decreased from 29,024 in 2013 to 12,500 in 2021. Claims for alendronate, ibandronate, risedronate, and teriparatide all significantly decreased, whereas claims for abaloparatide and romosozumab significantly increased (P<0.05). Antibiotic claims increased from 304,817 (2013) to 580,736 (2021). Claims for amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefadroxil, cephalexin, clindamycin, doxycycline, mupirocin, penicillin V, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim significantly increased, whereas use of azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and vancomycin significantly decreased (P<0.05). Claims for opioids decreased from 3,224,572 (2013) to 2,070,423 (2021). Use of hydrocodone/acetaminophen, oxycodone/acetaminophen, and tramadol/acetaminophen also significantly decreased (P<0.05). Use of oxycodone and oxycodone myristate significantly increased (P<0.05). Claims for fentanyl, methadone, and morphine all significantly decreased (P<0.05). Claims for NSAIDs increased from 1,300,279 (2013) to 1,796,419 (2021). Claims for celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketorolac, and meloxicam all significantly increased, whereas claims for etodolac, indomethacin, nabumetone, naproxen, piroxicam, and sulindac all significantly decreased (P<0.05). In line with national guidelines, claims for NSAIDs are increasing and claims for opioid pain medications and AOMs are decreasing. Claims for outpatient antibiotics are increasing, which is of significant concern, given renewed focus on antibiotic stewardship.