Features of the course of primary selective immunoglobulin A deficiency in children

Immunoglobulin A is a key component of mucosal immunity and plays a crucial role in protecting the mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. Selective IgA deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency in children, yet it often remains undiagnosed due to mild or absent clinical symptoms. However, the presence of IgA deficiency in children with recurrent infections can significantly influence the course of disease and may require adjustments in clinical management. Aim - to determine the prevalence of selective IgA deficiency in children with frequent respiratory infections and to analyze their clinical features. Materials and methods. A total of 98 children (50 girls and 48 boys), aged 4-14 years, with frequent respiratory infections were examined. Serum IgA levels were measured to detect selective deficiency. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed parental consent was obtained for each participant. Results. Selective IgA deficiency was identified in 19 children (11 boys and 8 girls), accounting for 18.6% of the study population. These patients more frequently presented with recurrent infections and had a more severe course of disease. Conclusions. Although selective IgA deficiency is asymptomatic in most cases, it may be associated with the development of severe pathological conditions in children, including recurrent respiratory infections, allergic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Detecting selective IgA deficiency in pediatric practice is essential for early diagnosis and timely management of related conditions. Pediatricians and immunologists should aim to identify the pathophysiological links between secretory IgA deficiency and various clinical manifestations to develop individualized monitoring and treatment strategies for affected children. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee for participant. Informed consent was obtained from patients. The authors declare no conflict of interest.