Deciphering maternal health outcomes in Bugiri district, eastern Uganda: A quantitative data analysis

Background: Maternal health remains a key indicator of public health system performance in low‐resource settings. This study examined trends in maternal health outcomes in Bugiri District, Eastern Uganda over a ten‐year period (2014–2024), with a focus on maternal mortality, antenatal care (ANC) utilization, and obstetric complications. Methods: Data were collected from 370 women using structured questionnaires, health facility records, and community surveys. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression modeling were employed to assess the relationships among maternal health indicators. The analysis was grounded in the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) model, Health Equity Theory, and the Health Belief Model (HBM). Results: The study identified a significant 15% reduction in maternal mortality (p < 0.05) and a 20% increase in the proportion of women achieving at least four ANC visits (p < 0.01). The composite maternal health outcome index—derived from key indicators—explained 58% of the variance in outcomes (R² = 0.58, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The integration of systemic (SDH, Health Equity) and individual (HBM) frameworks demonstrates that both macro‐level determinants and personal health beliefs contribute to improved maternal outcomes. The findings provide evidence to support data‐driven policy interventions in rural Ugandan settings.