An Examination of The Role of Women in DecisionMaking Processes Within the Kaman and Taraon Mishmi Communities, Including Their Participation in Traditional and Modern Institutions

This review examines the role of women in decision-making within the Kaman (Miju) and Taraon (Digaru) Mishmi communities of Arunachal Pradesh, India, comparing traditional institutions with modern ones. Drawing on a systematic literature review of recent peer-reviewed sources and regional studies, we analyze how gender roles manifest in customary councils and in contemporary governance structures. In the traditional Mishmi arbitrator system (known as Phrai among Kaman and Kabeya among Taraon), decision-making has been historically male-dominated, with women’s formal participation negligible. We contrast this with modern institutions – including Panchayati Raj bodies, local NGOs, and women’s self-help groups – where women’s involvement has increased due to legal reforms and social initiatives. The methodology section outlines our literature search strategy and inclusion criteria for sources. The literature review synthesizes findings on gender dynamics in Mishmi customary law, women’s representation in local governance (bolstered by a onethird reservation quota), and the emerging socio-political agency of Mishmi women through organizations and activism. Tables and figures are provided to illustrate key comparisons and data, such as the stark contrast between women’s representation in traditional councils versus elected bodies. We discuss challenges to women’s empowerment – including patriarchal norms, proxy leadership, and cultural expectations – alongside opportunities arising from education, policy changes, and collective action. The discussion emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive engagement that respects indigenous values while promoting gender-inclusive decisionmaking. Future directions are suggested, including strengthening capacity-building for women leaders, legal reforms to enhance women’s rights in customary contexts, and further research on evolving gender norms among the Mishmi. The review concludes that while historically marginalized in formal decision forums, Kaman and Taraon Mishmi women are gradually gaining voice and influence in both community and institutional domains, heralding a cautious but important shift toward more equitable participation in governance.