Gallium Nitride in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Fundamental Insights and Emerging Trends

The global energy crisis and environmental challenges necessitate the development of sustainable chemical processes powered by renewable energy sources. In this regard, semiconductor‐based heterogeneous photocatalysis presents a promising strategy to achieving chemical transformation in a greener and more sustainable manner. This review examines the fundamental characteristics and evolving roles of semiconductor‐based heterogeneous photocatalysts, with a particular focus on gallium nitride. Gallium nitride has attracted significant attention due to its intrinsic properties, such as a wide band gap, high electron mobility, and robust stability, which make it particularly suitable for catalytic applications. This review first provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and key design strategies in semiconductor photocatalysis. It then critically discusses recent advances in gallium nitride‐based photocatalysts. Together, these insights underscore the critical design considerations inherent to semiconductor photocatalysis and illustrate why gallium nitride‐based materials are increasingly viewed as pivotal tools in enabling environmentally friendly and sustainable chemical reactions.