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Proposed treatment system improves vehicle wash water reuse in urban settings, indicating potential environmental benefits.
One of the main environmental problems is the inadequate disposal of industrial wastewater, much of which is discharged untreated into the urban drainage system, affecting surface and groundwater bodies. Therefore, a treatment system based on permeable concrete, designed with local materials, is proposed. This allows for physical filtration of the water and its subsequent circular reuse in vehicle washing.
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Jayapalan et al. (2025) studied this question.
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