Oxidative Stress, Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Metabolic Perspective

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s are closely linked to oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), two interrelated processes that exacer-bate neuronal damage through mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, and chronic inflammation. This narrative review explores the metabolic interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AGEs, with a focus on the AGE-RAGE signaling ax-is as a driver of neurodegeneration. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies highlights their combined role in disease progression and underscores potential thera-peutic targets. Strategies including mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, AGE inhibi-tors, RAGE antagonists, and metabolic interventions are discussed, along with future directions for biomarker development and personalized treatments. This review pre-sents oxidative and glycative stress as a unified pathogenic pathway with significant clinical implications.