Retrospective cohort analysis shows climate change increases pneumonia incidence in Central Kalimantan, indicating significant health risks for vulnerable populations.
This study analyzes the impact of climate change—specifically temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed—on pneumonia incidence and mortality in Central Kalimantan from 2015 to 2024. Using a retrospective cohort design, the study finds a significant relationship between climate parameters and both pneumonia incidence and mortality rates (p-value 0.000 < 0.05). The findings highlight that climate change poses serious health risks, particularly for vulnerable groups like children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic illnesses, by weakening the immune system and worsening air quality.
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Rana et al. (2025) studied this question.
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