Neonatal thyrotoxicosis: clinical features, diagnosis and treatment

Neonatal thyrotoxicosis is a rare life-threatening disease characterized by the development of hyperthyroidism symptoms in newborns. In most cases, neonatal thyrotoxicosis occurs in children of mothers with recurrent diffuse toxic goiter and high titers of antithyroid antibodies in pregnant women. In rare cases, it is associated with genetic variants in the GNAS and TSHR genes. This article is devoted to the main issues of diagnosis and treatment of neonatal thyrotoxicosis, a comparative description of the forms of the disease depending on the etiologic factor is given. The final part of the article presents a clinical observation of transient neonatal thyrotoxicosis in a child born to a mother with recurrent diffuse toxic goiter. The experience of observing a patient with neonatal thyrotoxicosis reflects the importance of early diagnosis and timely initiation of antithyroid therapy in neonatal thyrotoxicosis.